Multinational Corporations And The Political Stability Essay

Multinational Corporations in Switzerland Located in Central Europe, Switzerland is known for its natural beauty, chocolate, banks, neutral stance on global politics and hosts the worlds most innovative hub. Switzerland has a track record for attracting global organizations and a variety of industries. Switzerland offers beneficial opportunities for their citizens and the global organizations with no discrimination. This is a very unique model that Switzerland upholds within the fabric of its country. Let’s take a walk thru and analyze the risks in Switzerland; with a focus on the Political Stability, Economic Factors, Subjective Factors, Laws and Regulations and Capital Flight. This paper will breakdown a colorful analysis for multinational corporations deciding to invest Switzerland. Political Stability Multinational corporations would need to look into the political stability in Switzerland. The Swiss have a stable government, their President is elected by their Federal Assembly under the Federal Council for a one-year term. The Federal Council members are a total of seven members, they collectively area considered as the head of state. Switzerland is also made up of twenty-six cantons, cantons area also member states. They are considered to be a direct democracy; their system allows for their citizens to propose changes. In an article by Adam Withnall he informs us that Switzerland is one of the eleven countries in the world that is free from conflict. Withnall alsoShow MoreRelatedInternational Monetary Policy : Effects On Cross Regional Mergers And Acquisitions1511 Words   |  7 Pagesrate stability, capital mobility, and domestic monetary autonomy (Cohen, 2010). Concerning the China, the general international monetary choices should be capital mobility and domestic monetary autonomy. In an era where multinational corporations are increasingly looking to cross-regional mergers and acquisitions to create value, it is more important than ever for China to retain capital mobility and domestic monetary autonomy (Cross-Regional, 2015). Through an examination of multinational corporationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Three Fundamental Assumptions Are Made1578 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic growth. 3. The power dynamic between host country, home country, and Multinational Corporation is a driving factor in cross-regional mergers and acquisitions and thereby domestic economic growth as measured by nominal gross domestic product. The Murdell-Flemming Trilemma or â€Å"Unholy Trinity† states that a government can only generate policy that satisfies two of three general desires; these desires are exchange rate stability, capital mobility, and domestic monetary autonomy (Cohen, 2010). 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Multinational enterprises have developed since the early 19th century. In the 20th century, with the growth of information technology and transport, causing the expansion of international trade is increasingRead MoreHow Does Exchange Rate Stability Affect Hedging Strategies For Multinational Organizations?832 Words   |  4 Pages23 AUG 2015 Unit 6 Exercise Assignment How does exchange rate stability affect hedging strategies for multinational organizations? Multinational organizations enjoy economies of scale that can span between multiple continents. Due to the size of the multinational organization, there can be risks that creates ebbs and flows of profits and expenses based upon multiple currency rate exchange differences. 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As a member of EU Italy has a value-added tax (VAT) for all imported goods. The VAT is additional tax on goods being imported to the country which is currently set at 22% with the possibility of it increasing to 25% in 2018. As member of these organization Italy’s economy is heavily

Essay about Rhapsody in Blue - 661 Words

George Gershwin was one of the most prolific American composers of the 20th century. He was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1898 to Ukrainian immigrants, Morris and Rosa Gershowitz. He began to study piano at a young age and was instructed by noted piano teacher Charles Hambitzer. After dropping out of high school at the young age of 15, he began his career as a song-plugger. A song-plugger was somebody who demonstrated new sheet music to be sold in a music store. He did this for three years and by that time had turned into a highly skilled pianist. In 1916 he composed his first published song entitled â€Å"When You Want ’Em You Can’t Get ’Em†. From 1920 to 1924, he composed for an annual production put on by George White. Legend has it†¦show more content†¦What those critics didn’t know is that Gershwin’s composition would become an internationally recognized piece of American music. When you listen to Gershwin’s work it’s hard to not be amazed in what you are hearing. It is difficult to describe parts of the music that you like because there are so many. Several critics claimed the piece was not fluid and seemed to be just put together. One critic said you â€Å"can remove any of these stuck-together sections and the piece still goes on as bravely as before.† (Gershwin, 2012). We believed that this made the piece unique. The beginning of the piece briefly introduces all the different themes in short solos before expounding on all of them later which is something that was not common during this time either. We also enjoyed the â€Å"American† feeling that was on display throughout the piece. It is a melting pot of themes and ideas that all seem to fit together perfectly. â€Å"Rhapsody in Blue† is a difficult piece to dislike. The only critical comment that we could make about this wonderful piece is that it was hard to follow. Even though the sporadic tempos and themes make this an iconic piece of American music history, it had a sense of not being organized. For the most part, we had nothing but good comments for Gershwin’s work and enjoyed being able to research such a wonderful piece ofShow MoreRelatedRhapsody In Blue Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pages Rhapsody In Blue George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue is one of those timeless classics that is instantly recognizable to many people’s ears today, even ninety years after it was first introduced to the world. It is a piece that has found its way into contemporary movies and advertisements, making it likely as recognizable as Chopin’s Funeral March or Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. But unlike these two pieces of iconic classical music, Rhapsody in Blue â€Å"resists classificationRead MoreGeorge Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue Essay examples780 Words   |  4 PagesBroadway shows and opera. He composed â€Å"Swanne,† which is the first nationally successful piece and â€Å"Blue Monday†, which is a jazz opera piece in 1919 and he became really popular. In 1924, George Gershwin and his older brother Ira worked together and made the musical comedy â€Å"Lady Be Good† and it was performed on Broadway. He also composed his first classical and most famous piece â€Å"Rhapsody in Blue† in the same year. It is his most famous piece and the piece made him a celebrity and appeared on TimeRead MoreA tribute to Patsy Cline700 Words   |  3 Pageseyes shining bright with passion for the music and doing what he loves. Mr. Shram conducted as the symphony began to play their first number written by George Enesco when he was only nineteen years old, Rumanian Rhapsody in A major, Op. eleven, No. One. Written in 1901, this rhapsody is one of Enescos best known compositions. The score for this lively drinking song calls for two flutes, a piccalo, two oboes, an english horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, four french horns, four trumpets, threeRead MoreMusical Progress Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesprogress. The progress that the two composers made can be heard through their profound ability’s to both borrow themes or styles from different genres and make a body of music original. The works of both Gershwin and Stravinsky particularly Rhapsody in Blue and Histoire de Soldat epitomize, in their respective time periods music at the cusp of musical progress. Stravinsky was an accomplished composer of his time period, while many questioned him and his changes in style. But many of his changesRead MoreTHE TIMES OF GERSHWIN Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Gershwin is one of the most celebrated composers of modern times. He is Famous for bridging the gap between Jazz and Classical music, and developing a new kind of popular music that held a genuine, American voice. With such pieces as his Rhapsody in Blue and Concerto in F he has become the most widely played American composer of all time. Although he boats having one of the most recognizable names in modern music, many people do not truly know the story behind it all. The Early Years HisRead MoreMusic in the Great Gatsby Film Remake605 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Young and Beautiful† by Lana Del Rey, a modern day song, was best chosen for the love scenes and can be a song that tells about Daisy’s perspective. Another piece of music which was composed in the time period of when this story is told is â€Å"Rhapsody in Blue† by George Gershwin. Its power, grandeur, as well as elements of surprise fit very well in several scenes in the movie. â€Å"Young and Beautiful† by Lana Del Rey, a modern day song, was best chosen for the love scenes and can be a song that tellsRead More George Gershwin Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican composers of the 1920’s. In this paper I will discuss Gershwin’s life as a child and his upbringing and how his music expressed the dreams of every American Citizen by mixing different styles of music like Jewish, black, jazz, classical, blues and put them into one genre and created absolute music. George Gershwin was born in Brooklyn, New York on September 26, 1898. As the son of immigrant parents, Georges father had many jobs, so they were forced to live in many locations. GeorgeRead MoreEssay about The Ultimate Collection by George Gershwin635 Words   |  3 Pagesout of two CDs; the first cd is Gershwins pieces sung by different jazz singers such as Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby and more#8230; The second cd, is Gerswhins famous pieces taken from musical shows such as Porgy and Bess, Rhapsody in Blue, Cuban overture, Funny face and more. First Cd: The cd starts with the song Strike up the Band performed by Oscar Peterson. The piece consists of a piano, cello. This song in my opinion setsRead MoreGeorge Gershwin Essay examples970 Words   |  4 Pagesthis time, Gershwin composed his first operetta, Blue Monday. It impressed Paul Whiteman, a famous bandleader, so much that he asked Gershwin to compose a symphonic jazz piece. At this time, however, Gershwin was still busy composing for White and forgot to compose for Whiteman until only one month before the scheduled performance. During this rushed creation, Gershwin found inspiration to create his most famous individual piece, Rhapsody in Blue. At its first performance, the piece was loved byRead MoreEssay on George Gershwin (1898-1937)1254 Words   |  6 Pagesdeal of improvising. Interesting enough, Gershwins musical interest in jazz and blues has created a new style of American music known by all today. Gershwin wrote many great works of art. A few of his most popular works, which gained a lot of their popularity after his death, would include: When you want em you cant get em, when you got em, you dont want em; Swanee; Porgy and Bess; Rhapsody in Blue; and Blue Monday. In 1916, Gershwin published his first song called When you want

Human Resource Management Determine Performance Appraisals

Question: Discus about theHuman Resource Managementfor Determine Performance Appraisals. Answer: Introduction The essential functions of Human Resource Management (HRM) involve the recruitment, selection and training of the employees, determine performance appraisals, maintain workplace safety, communication and motivating employees. This particular discourse will discuss the role and responsibilities of the HR department of a hospital for promoting a sustainable work practice. According to Ehnert and Harry (2012), HRM involves the relevant practices, policies and systems, which can influence the performance, attitudes and behaviors of the employees. This particular study will illustrate the important HR policies, procedures, major aspects of building sustainable HR practices and theories related to the HRM. Importance of Human Resource Management An effective Human Resource Management involves job analysis, job design and workflow design in order to develop a transparent link in between strategic goals of the design of jobs and the business (Sharma Narang, 2012). HRM also plays an important role in the recruitment and selection, training and development process for further success of the company. The HR policies of the first hospital affect the entire business systems and practices that influence the attitudes, performance and behaviors of the employees. Bauer et al. (2012) have mentioned that HRM also supports the performance management, performance appraisals and performance feedback. It also supports the senior management, ensuring the goals of the organization and team roles. However, the first hospital also encounters challenges while implementing a potential performance management process. On the other hand, the strategic human resource management is different from the human resource management. Prasad (2013) has sugge sted that the strategic human resource management deals with the strategic business objectives of the organization and an ultimate satisfaction of the basic requirements of individual employee. The fundamental responsibilities of the HRM involves the strategic management, health and safety of the employees, analysis and design of work, HR information system, HR planning, recruitment and selection, managing diversity and work life balance, performance management and employee services. Recommended course of action to the CEO of the First Hospital for Improving HRM The first hospital in the mentioned case study does not possess dedicated HR manager and HR department. Even the finance manager and the CEO run the facilities of the entire HR department of the hospital. The intermediate managers hardly possess any detailed understanding of their roles and responsibilities within the organization. The higher management of the hospital has engaged an efficient HR consultant, who visits the hospital once a week for overseeing the gradual development of HR practices and policies. Kramar (2014) has mentioned that the HRM solely concentrates on managing the close relationship in between the employee and employer. From the mentioned case study, it is a clear fact that the first hospital fails to maintain a perfect working culture and behavior. This hospital encounters several critical problems, such as high level of staff grievances, staff shortages, turnover and absenteeism, which provide challenges to maintain the quality of care and serious accidents i ncluding the staffs and patients. Therefore, there are requirements of relevant and effective recommendations to the CEO for improving the present business operations of HRM at the hospital. The CEO of this particular hospital should recruit potential employees in order to create an HR department. The CEO should arrange an effective training session for the newly hired employees. This training program will help the new HR employees to understand the present business scenario of the hospital and take decision according to that. The training program must cover every responsibility of the HR department, such as the recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, job analysis and occupational health and safety of the employees of the hospitals. The CEO of the hospital should maintain a proper working environment with engaging only the potential and qualified employees in the HR department. The recruited employees should be appropriate for managing any disputes that may influence the entire business operations of the hospital in an immense manner. The CEO should develop a fair public relation as it helps to control and handle the seminars, formal gatherings and meetings. Importance of Effective HR Policies The owner and the human resource department of an organization usually publish a perfect uniform set of various effective rules and regulations that every employee should abide. As opined by Jensen (2015), effective HR policies, protocols and procedures play a pivotal role for maintain the entire business activities of the company in todays competitive business world. As in the provided case study, there is no fixed HR department in the first hospital; therefore, this organization encounters several complicated cases, such as staff grievances, staff shortage, and turnover absenteeism. The first hospital in the provided case study should incorporate completely new HR policies, rules and regulations in order to solve all of these mentioned challenges. On the other hand, the second hospital is passionate about its present HR activities and department and the effectiveness of the HR department is clearly revealed in its standard quality patient care and maintenance of the provided facili ties to the employees. The implemented HR policies in the second hospital are potential and effective enough to control the staff engagement and the organizational commitment both to its patients and the employees. Lis (2012) has mentioned that the effective HR policies improve the employee orientation, which helps the employees to provide their best performance while performing the allocated tasks within the organization. However, from various researches, it has been revealed that the effective HR policies, protocols and procedures always involve relevant code of conduct, which lists various prohibited behaviors and actions that may influence the working environment of an organization. Even the second hospital in the provided case study strictly follows proper hiring policy, which the first hospital fails to follow. Ulrich et al. (2012) have suggested that the effective HR policies also ensure the fact that the employees of an organization follow the established rules as well as the concerned managers enforce them in consistent manner. All of the employees of second hospital are solely committed to perform their own roles and responsibilities in perfect manner in order to reach the predetermin ed goals of the company. As effective HR policies, rules and regulations have great impact on the organizational success in the particular industry, therefore, the CEO and the higher authority of the first hospital in the provided case study should incorporate completely new and potential HR policies in order to solve all current difficulties within the organization. Key Features of Building Sustainable HR Capability Wagner (2013) has referred that the sustainable HR practices involve the environmental, economical and social factors for further development of the organization. Most of the organizations have understood the importance of maintaining the sustainable HR practices in order to achieve the long-term goals of the organization. The key feature of building a sustainable HR capability suggests generating long-term benefits with a perfect creation of a virtuous cycle in between the environmental, economic and social consideration (Ehnert et al., 2014). It also involves forming sustainability strategies and making an absolute commitment for appropriate business activities within the particular industry. The first hospital in the provided case scenario should evaluate the sustainable journey of the HR department after establishing a new HR department. Therefore, the CEO and the higher management of the first hospital should understand the requirements of maintaining and promote the sustainable HR practices within the organization for further development in the healthcare sector. The major factor in building the sustainable HR practices involves the realization of creating shareholder value in long-term basis (Garg, 2014). The key features of building the sustainable HR practices within the organization also involves the maintaining of brand and reputation, developed access to the capital, innovation and efficiency, appropriate financial performance, and social benefits. On the other hand, it also engages the close relationship in between the stakeholders and efficient management and the improved ability to attract and retain the talent of the organization (Jose Mampilly, 2012). As those organizations, which strictly follow sustainable HR practices are successful in meeting the exact expectations of both the external and internal stakeholders for instances, the customers, shareholders, communities and the government, therefore, the first hospital should support and promote sustainable HR practices. The key features of building sustainable HR capabilities involve the implementation of sustainable business operations due to adequate integration with the effective business strategies (Ehnert et al., 2013). Another major feature of the sustainable HR involves its close association with the maintenance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in immense manner. With the strict following of the sustainable HR practices the first hospital in the provided case scenario can promote the reduction of emissions and carbon footprint in order to support a green environment in the healthcare sector. Even this particular hospital can create perfect trustworthiness and reach a large variety of patients with a strict following of the sustainable HR practices. On the other hand, the features of the sustainable HR practices also include the sustainability initiatives, for instances the employee volunteering programs that can enrich the work experience and can build suitable team skills (Marescaux et al., 2013). It also resolves the critical sustainability issues that may affect the gradual success of the business organization. After understanding all the mentioned key features of building a sustainable HR capability, the CEO of the first hospital should incorporate a new sustainable HR department within the hospital for resolving the existing issues. The sustainable HR practices also help to maintain proper ethics and social responsibilities with suitable code of conducts and set of standards. Application of HRM Theories According to Cherian Jacob (2012), the HRM theories are closely interlinked with the motivation, opportunity and ability of the employees of an organization. All of these factors are essential for improving the employee performance in immense manner. The expectancy theory states that an individual possess natural capability to act or behave in certain ways as they are motivated for selecting particular behavior rather than other existing behaviors. Even the motivational theories are closely interlinked with the HRM theories as both of these theories suggest self-motivation, responsibility and requirement of understanding of the exact position in the organizational hierarchy (Beltrn?Martn Roca?Puig, 2013). The first hospital should understand the application of the HRM theories while building a new HR department for the organization. Recommendations In order to improve the sustainable HR practices of an organization, the higher management should follow some effective and relevant recommendations. The organization should value the importance of human capital development for enhancing the competencies and knowledge. The organization should align and define the organizational purpose before recruit and select the suitable candidates for the success. The organization should concentrate on employee strengths for bringing out the learning and development opportunities. The organization should empower the employees and support innovation for creating a perfect sustainable HR practices. The organization should acquire adequate HR resources and tools for development and empowerment of the associated employees. If an organization strictly follows all of these mentioned recommendations, then it can establish a perfect and potential sustainable HR department. Conclusion On the completion of this report, it is a clear fact that the nexus in between human resource and sustainability is an intangible one. The major tenets of the sustainability suggest the gradual development of the positive benefits of the business activities for all existing stakeholders. The sustainable HR practices involve a proper training and development process in order to involve the recruited employees in the workplace initiatives. Employee communication is another major feature of the sustainable HR practices within the organization as it facilitates the basic discussion in between the hierarchies and departments. References Bauer, T. N., Erdogan, B., Taylor, S. (2012). Creating and maintaining environmentally sustainable organizations: Recruitment and onboarding. Beltrn?Martn, I., Roca?Puig, V. (2013). Promoting employee flexibility through HR practices.Human Resource Management,52(5), 645-674. Cherian, J., Jacob, J. (2012). A study of green HR practices and its effective implementation in the organization: a review.International journal of business and Management,7(21), 25. Ehnert, I., Harry, W. (2012). Recent developments and future prospects on sustainable human resource management: introduction to the special issue.Management revue, 221-238. Ehnert, I., Harry, W., Zink, K. J. (2014). Sustainability and HRM. InSustainability and Human Resource Management(pp. 3-32). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ehnert, I., Harry, W., Zink, K. J. (Eds.). (2013).Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Garg, B. (2014). Human Resource-Driving Force of Sustainable Business Practices.International Journal of Innovative Research Development, Forthcoming. Jensen, H. R. (2015). Creating and maintaining sustainable relationships with customers in consumer markets. InProceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress(pp. 631-635). Springer International Publishing. Jose, G., Mampilly, S. R. (2012). Satisfaction with HR practices and employee engagement: A social exchange perspective.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,4(7), 423. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Lis, B. (2012). The relevance of corporate social responsibility for a sustainable human resource management: an analysis of organizational attractiveness as a determinant in employees' selection of a (potential) employer.Management Revue, 279-295. Marescaux, E., De Winne, S., Sels, L. (2013). HR practices and affective organisational commitment:(when) does HR differentiation pay off?.Human Resource Management Journal,23(4), 329-345. Prasad, R. S. (2013). Green HRM-Partner in Sustainable Competitive Growth.Journal of Management Sciences And Technology,1(1), 15-18. Sharma, A., Narang, G. S. (2012). Achieving competitive advantage through hr practices. InNational Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business(Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 750-766). Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W., Younger, J., Ulrich, M. (2012).Global HR competencies: Mastering competitive value from the outside-in. McGraw Hill Professional. Wagner, M. (2013). Greenhuman resource benefits: do they matter as determinants of environmental management system implementation?.Journal of Business Ethics,114(3), 443-456.

The issue of gender inequality has been widely inc Essays

The issue of gender inequality has been widely increasing and affecting our community. It is considered to be an important moral principle that should be followed by all members of society and that it requires the proper investigation in order to find solutions. Moreover, the significance of the issue of gender inequality is reflected in everyday situations. There are many examples, which demonstrate how the participation of men in our community is more than how it is for women. As well as that, gender stereotypes can be found at home, at work and even in schools. These phrases prove the existence of stereotypes caused by gender inequality. One of the main examples that proves this issue, is objectifying women to objects such as candies, lollipops and fruits! Not only is the comparison offensive since it basically suggests that a person with a functioning brain can be compared to a lollipop, it also suggests that an inevitable link exists between "being a wrapped lollipop" and being a good woman. Which directs us to the question: is it about the veil alone? Is it logical to assume that a "Lollipop's plastic wrap" or a veil undoubtedly lead to the inside being good in all scenarios? Is it plausible and civilized to assume that an unveiled woman is an open invitation to harassment since she is surely not modest, because she isn't wearing a veil? If the case was just a wrap for the body, then why are women required to abide by the rules of Islam regarding faith, morals, and daily behaviors? It is such a pity how they address women nowadays to objects that suggest the fact that women must be veiled in order for men not to h arass them. Another common example in some Arabian countries, is that men created the illusion of women being queens in order to forbid them from practicing their basic rights such as driving, being independent and having a career. Not only does this rely on the most irrelevant aspects of being a queen, but it's also used to justify the robbery of rights. Also, there is this false assumption in the "queen" metaphor, which is that a women's optimal dream is lethargy, dependency, and a careless life of rolling in cash earned by her husband. To sum it up, I believe that if we are taking this issue into action about creating a fairer and productive future for young women we need to stop fixing women and start working on men. We need to reframe the way we think about working women and stop placing limitations on their desires and abilities to pursue ambitious, successful careers. Also, We need to establish equality at home in order to have equality in the workplace and raise awareness about the consequences of this major issue by having more women's rights supporting groups.

It is well established that a judge, as part Essays

It is well established that a judge, as part Essays It is well established that a judge, as part Essay It is well established that a judge, as part Essay It is good established that a justice, as portion of his built-in power and overruling responsibility in every instance to guarantee that the accused receives a just test, ever has a discretion to except otherwise admissible prosecution grounds if, in his sentiment, its damaging consequence on the heads of the jury outweighs its true probatory value. The PACE 1984, s. 78 ( 1 ) , provides that in any condemnable proceedings the tribunal may decline to let grounds on which the prosecution propose to trust to be given, if it appears to the tribunal that, holding respect to all the fortunes, including the fortunes in which the grounds was obtained, the admittance of the grounds would hold such an inauspicious consequence on the equity of the proceedings that the tribunal ought non to acknowledge it. The Issue refering A’s state of affairs is whether the fortunes in which the grounds obtained via the covert recordings are admissible. The lone valid statement that can be raised by A in this case is if he can demo entrapment. Although entrapment is non a substantial defense mechanism in English Law, where an accused can demo entrapment, the tribunal may remain the proceedings as an maltreatment of the court’s procedure or it may except grounds pursuant to s.78. Entrapment can otherwise be described as state-created offense. A inquiry is whether the imposts officers did no more than show A with an run-of-the-mill chance to perpetrate a offense. Whether a imposts officer can be said to hold caused the committee of the offense, instead than simply supplying an chance for the accused to perpetrate it, will normally be a most of import factor, but non needfully decisive. Ultimately, the overall consideration will be whether the behavior of the officers were so earnestly im proper as to convey the disposal of justness into discredit. The test justice would hold regard to all the fortunes of the instance. The tribunal will besides hold respect as to whether imposts acted in good religion. Having sensible evidences for intuition is one manner good religion may be established. The rule is that governments such as imposts should forestall and observe offense, non make it. The demand for sensible intuition and proper supervising are both stressed in the clandestine operations codification of pattern. In the instance refering A, it is hard to place any case where the imposts officers may be said to hold overstepped their boundary. There is no issue of them bring oning A to perpetrate the offense or suggestions that any active function was played by the imposts officers to illicit the telephone grounds from A. The covert recording was supervised and recorded, and D’s admittances were sufficient for them to hold sensible intuitions. In the fortunes, it is highly improbable that the test justice will govern to rema in the proceedings or that the grounds will be excluded under s.78. ( 2 ) Defendants tell lies for a figure of grounds, non all of which signify guilt. This is a factual issue and should be left in the custodies of the jury. However, appropriate waies are required in some cases to guarantee equity. In order to steer juries in their attack to the affair of prevarications told by the accused, the justice is obliged in many instances to present a particular waies, known asLucas[ 1 ]Direction. This way is intended to warn juries against leaping excessively readily to the decision that any prevarications told by the suspect can be equated with guilt. There is a profuse instance jurisprudence, which induced Judge LJ inR v Middleton[ 2001 ] Crim LR 251, to state that instead than trawling through the hosts of instances and erudite commentaries, it is best for the tribunal to analyze whether a warning needs to be given in the context of each single instance. As test justice, the chief inquiry that arises is whether it is really necessary for him/her to present a Lucas way? The justice has to cover with this in entries made by the prosecution that purpose to profess that prevarications told by B is grounds of his guilt. In peculiar it was identified inBurge [ 1996 ] Cr App R 163, that amongst other things, a Lucas way is necessary where the prosecution is seeking to demo that something said by the suspect, in relation to a separate and distinguishable issue was a prevarication, and the prosecution relies on the prevarication as grounds of guilt in relation to the charge laid against the suspect. This being indistinguishable to B’s instance, a Lucas way will be required by the justice. In that instance, the jury will necessitate to be given counsel on how to near the prevarications told by the accused. In instances where a Lucas way is requiredJSB Specimen Direction No27edicts that the justice must foremost state the jury that before they proceed farther, they must make up ones mind whether they are certain that the suspect really told the relevant prevarication. In this instance, B is non challenging that he told the prevarication, he disputes that the prevarication was grounds of his guilt. The justice must so travel on to direct that if the jury are certain that B lied intentionally, they must so following ask themselves why the suspect lied. Peoples lie for all sorts of grounds, some are absolutely innocent-for case to bolster a true defense mechanism, to protect person, out of terror or confusion, or to hide some scandalous behavior other than committee of the offense charged. The justice would so mention to whatever account the accused has advanced to explicate why he lied. Then, the justice will state the jury that merely if they are certain that the suspect did non lie for an guiltless ground may they handle the prevarication as grounds back uping the prosecution instance. ( 3 ) Confessions constitute an exclusion to the rumor regulation. Sometimes they can nevertheless turn out undependable and unfortunately, even lead to abortions of justness. The beginning of a confession’s undependability may lie in the methods used to pull out it: if obtained by coercion, which can cover signifiers of force per unit area every bit varied as anguish at one extreme to far more elusive agencies of incentive presented to the suspect at the other, there is a field hazard that the confession may turn out untrue ; and this is rather hazard that the confession may turn out untrue ; and this is rather apart from any farther consideration that, as a affair of policy, the jurisprudence can non merely be seen to hold any truck with confessions obtained particularly oblique or overreaching methods. In position of such considerations, a figure of legal demands, both procedural and evidentiary, have been introduced with a position to cut downing the hazards of abortions of justness provoked by undependable confessional grounds. In add-on to commissariats such as these, nevertheless, tight limitations have been imposed on the conditions under which grounds of a confession may be admitted in a condemnable test. In peculiar, the prosecution may be required to turn out that a confession it wishes to abduce was non obtained in a mode that might project uncertainty on its dependability. S. 82 ( 1 ) PACE defines a confession and trades with the regulations environing it. A figure of regulations, statutory and common jurisprudence regulate the admissibility of confessions. C, holding raised entries contending the admissibility of his confession, it will now be for the test justice to make up ones mind admissibility. S 76 ( 2 ) PACE lays down that a tribunal must except a confession if the prosecution fails to turn out beyond sensible uncertainty that it has non been obtained as a effect of things that were said to C which render his confession undependable. In this instance, things said to C about his in-migration position could arguably render a confession undependable. No improperness needs to be shown on the portion of the imposts officer. S 76 ( 2 ) requires the tribunal, in making its determination to ignore the fact that it may be known that the confession was really true. Farquharson LJ noted inMcGovern ( 1990 ) 92 Cr App R 228,that the fact that the confession was in substance true is expressly excluded by the Act as being a relevant factorâ⠂¬â„¢ . The responsibility of the test justice in make up ones minding admissibility in C’s instance will foremost be designation of everything said and done, so, looking at what was said against the background fortunes, and inquiring whether that was likely to render any confession by C undependable. The tribunal should make up ones mind whether the Crown has proven beyond sensible uncertainty that the confession had non been made as a consequence of things said or done. Even where a confession does non conflict s 76 of PACE, the tribunal to boot has a discretion to except it under s 78 if it appears to the tribunal, that holding respect to all the fortunes in which the grounds was obtained, the admittance of the grounds would hold such an inauspicious consequence on the equity of the proceedings that the tribunal ought non to acknowledge it’ . ( 4 ) A strong statement for pulling inauspicious illation from silence occurs where the accused withholds his defense mechanism under question but presents it at test when it may be excessively late for it to be countered. S 34 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, provides that illations can be drawn from a suspect unreasonably neglecting to advert facts upon which he later relies in his defense mechanism. The properness of pulling these illations is dependent on whether, in the fortunes bing at the clip, the suspect could moderately hold been expected to hold mentioned peculiar facts when questioned, charged or informed that he might be prosecuted. The drawing of an illation under s 34 is conditional upon the suspect holding antecedently been afforded an chance to take legal advice. The test justice may find that it is unfastened to the jury to pull an illation, in which instance the jury must be carefully instructed on how to near the inquiry, to deduce or non to deduce. The justice will necessitate to give the jury counsel on what fortunes bing at the clip’ must be taken into history. This may include the extent to which the constabulary have disclosed information to the suspect to reference at interview and whether A’s silence was prompted by legal advice by his canvasser. In relation to the latter, the tribunals have repeatedly held that a suspect will constantly necessitate to make more than simply assert that he was moving on legal advice in order to avoid the jury’s being invited to see pulling an inauspicious illation. Therefore, in order to forestall the tribunal from pulling inauspicious illations , A will necessitate to province the footing or the ground for the advice. The suspect might wish to name his canvasser to attest as to why he gave this advice. The prosecution will wish to look into whether the advice was prompted merely by tactical considerations-in which instance the drawing of an inauspicious illation will still be justified. In A’s instance the inquiry for the justice is whether the advice given to A by his canvasser is such that was so necessary that he couldn’t put frontward his account so which he now seeks to trust. ( 5 ) Whether or non the jury rely on D’s unsupported grounds is a factual affair and that is wholly a affair for them to make up ones mind based on all the other back uping grounds that have been presented to them. The test justice will be able to explicate to the jury to look at the grounds as a whole in his account on application of the jurisprudence. Whether or non the justice decides to give a particular warning is wholly at his discretion depending on content and mode of D’s grounds and the issues raised. Basically the inquiry is whether he is a dependable informant? Mirfield,Silence, Confessions and Improperly Obtained Evidence: ( 1997 ) Oxford Publishing Press Munday, Inferences from silence and European Human Rights Law [ 1996 ] Crim LR 370 Munday R,Evidence, Butterworths 2001 Murray P,Blackstone’s Criminal Practice 2004, Oxford Publishing Press 1,998 WORDS

Three cultures essays

Three cultures essays The three different cultures that I will be discussing are those of the Babylonians, the Athenians, and the Romans. Each of these cultures had their own primary interests. These cultures will be described according to the following documents: the Code of Hammurabi for ancient Babylonia, the Funeral Oration of Pericles for Athenian Greece, and the Constitution of Rome for the Republican Rome. Some of these cultures also borrowed ideas from earlier cultures. The code of Hammurabi has many laws that tell us how the Babylonians thought and lived their daily lives. This law lists many offenses and the penalties for each. The code focuses on theft, womens rights, childrens rights, mens rights and slaves rights. All of the groups in Babylonia had their own rights and obligations. Slaves had some rights and they could eventually obtain freedom. Women were able to hold public positions and practice trades. The men of Babylonia were in charge of their households, but did not have authority over their wives. After reading the code of Hammurabi, I personally thought women were not given the benefit of the doubt. They were always found guilty and punished. They had to prove their innocence by being thrown into the Euphrates River. It was believed that this river was a judge of the people that were accused of committing crimes. Men, on the other hand, would be punished only if they were caught. For example, If a man violate the wife o f another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her fathers house, and sleep with her and be caught, this man shall be put to death (Hammurabi, 2). This is basically saying that if the man is caught, he will be punished. After reading Pericles Funeral Oration, we can see why Thucydides believed Athens was the greatest of the Greek poleis. Their democratic government is a great example to the other governments. Even the poorest citi...

Cassandra Database Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cassandra Database - Research Paper Example As of this writing, the paper will discuss the general information about Cassandra database. Consequently, the paper will further discuss the database based on its data storage, query format, and its query processing Cassandra Database is a wide spread open source NoSQL database. The database is best used to manage large quantity of data across many centers of data and cloud. Cassandra database is characterized as a continuous availability, operational simplicity, and linear scalability across various servers without a single failure. Additionally, the database has a powerful data model mandated to offer a maximum flexibility and a rapid response period. Based on its operation, Cassandra database has an outstanding plan and architecture, meaning that all the nodes are similar. Increasingly, the database offers automatic distribution of data across the nodes participating in a database cluster. The database saves the administrators and developers the coding process in distrusting the data across the cluster since the data are partitioned in a transparent manner across the nodes. Consequently, the database provides a customized replication that stores redundant data across nodes participating the Cassandra ring. Meaning, assuming a node goes down, single, or multiple copies of the data will still be available on other cluster’s machines. Replication undergoes configuration to operate across zones of a single data center, multiple data centers, and many cloud zones. The database can be used in supplying linear scalability, meaning that a capacity can added easily through the addition of new nodes. For instance, two nodes can accommodate 100000 operations in a second, four nodes can accommodate 200000 operations in a second, and eight nodes can handle 400000 operations in a second. The latest version of the database is Cassandra 2.1. The new version has new features such as user-defined types, collection indexes, and improved metrics through metrics-core

Case Study of the Credit Card Processing Industry Term Paper

Case Study of the Credit Card Processing Industry - Term Paper Example The credit card processing industry has been in the forefront in adopting new technology. Credit card processing is mainly done through electronic processing. The credit card associations and companies have laid down policies and procedures for credit card processing. The system of processing credit cards is very complex as it involves processing transactions hypothetically throughout the payment process system. Usual credit card transaction in involve the following participants: the customer, merchants, payment gateway, acquiring banks processor, credit card interchange, customer’s credit card issuer, and merchant acquiring bank. The settlement for the credit card interchange institutions is done electronically. The computerized transaction settlement systems are used to make payments to the credit card interchange institutions. Today, the main credit card interchanges include MasterCard and Visa .MasterCard and Visa have agents all over the world that persuade merchants to a ccept transactions using their cards. When a customer makes a purchase at the point of sale, the merchant forwards the transaction at the end of the day to the merchant’s bank. The merchant’s bank pays the merchant for the purchase after deducting a fixed fee before forwarding the purchase to MasterCard or Visa. After receiving the transaction money, MasterCard or Visa forwards the transaction charge to the credit card issuer. The credit card issuer then makes payment of a fixed fee to MasterCard or Visa. MasterCard or Visa then makes payment to the merchant bank. MasterCard or Visa collects fees for both the card issuer and the merchant bank. Then the issuer of the card charges the customer for the amount of purchases made. The card holder finally pays the bank a minimum amount at an interest or pays the whole amount. The credit card processing system uses point of sale electronic authorization, which has replaced the traditional paper work and telephone costs. The el ectronic data capture used in credit card transaction today has helped the banks to process and accept transactions much faster. The retail systems in the supermarkets and major hotels have been changed in order to fit the changing needs of using credit cards. The main advantage of using a credit card for the customer is that it is convenient. One disadvantage is that the customer is most likely to fall into a debt that will not be easy to get out of. The whole of the credit card processing system is based on trust. Today, the credit card processing industry has been marred with fraud. The credit card processors have come up with tools to help merchants to identify fraud. These tools are web based and used by merchants to avoid scam. Model relationships capture system for the transactions will affect the customer’s loyalty of using credit cards. The model relationship capture is used to determine risk of issuing a credit card in the future. The credit card scoring points will assess the future business opportunity. The economic crisis has hit the credit card industry so hard that many customers are opting not to use credit cards. Many credit card holders have submerged in the credit card debts and are opting to use debit cards instead of credit cards. Following these dwindling fortunes, the credit card processing industry has to improve their operations in order to maintain customers in the future .The

Concept Map on Indigenous Peoples Essay Example for Free

Concept Map on Indigenous Peoples Essay Our group came up with concept map that illustrated our ideas when the perception of the indigenous peoples came into our minds. When we hear the said concept, the immediate idea that comes into our minds is the ceremonies that IPs do. We know that their ceremonies or rituals are part of their religion. They believe in spirits, in the notion of the after-life having spiritual leaders guiding them through the visions that the sacred aura gives them. Most of the IPs are very animistic and are called pagans by the Westerners due to the lack of formality in religion, meaning no temples are built for a proper religious ceremony. They practice both primary and secondary burial in the belief that their souls would have to journey to another dimension called the â€Å"after-life. The next thing that comes into mind is their customs and traditions. Every indigenous group has a distinct set of customs or habits. They preserve their songs, dances, literature, prayers and many others through oral tradition. In the Philippines, only the Muslims have the written tradition called tarsila. Art is a very evident characteristic that indigenous groups exhibit. The tattooing tradition which is very evident in many Austronesian societies is a status symbol. Elders and Datus who are considered the tribal leaders are seen with more tattoos than those who have low social status. The term tanda in the Philippines means wisdom which is an indicator of respect for the elders. Every indigenous group has its own language. Language is the factor, which makes an individual belong to an ethnic or ethno-linguistic group. Language is the collection of the vocabulary available in a culture. Language is termed as a dialect when there is a regional distinction of a language from the mother language. It may become evident in accent, grammar system and semantics. We have cited some examples such as the Ilocanos, Ifugaos and some foreign to us, the Aztecs. Last main branch on the concept map is the concept of heritage. All indigenous groups are struggling to preserve their heritage and culture which is why tribal laws prevail over any other constitutional or civil law in the country. They are very resistive to alien influence which makes them prone to social and racial discrimination promoted and propagated by some stupid multimedia. Their heritage is very reflective of their economic direction. They rely on a self-sufficient subsistence economy. They have no imperialist ideologies. They only tend to survive their tribe and cultivate their own environment. Agriculture and fishing are the main sources of living especially in tropical countries. They are the stewards of many ecosystems in the land, rivers and seas. Many IPs in the country have built nipa huts as their shelter. They have built houses such as the bahay kubo because most of the time, when a relative dies, they burn their houses due to their belief that spirits cause illnesses and should leave the homes of the inflicted. For the Ivatans of the Batanes Group of Islands, Spanish influence is already observed in their stone houses which are their defense to the perennial tropical storms that tend to devastate their crops and homes.

The Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essay -- Pro Marijuana Legalization

INTRODUCTION Marijuana, also known as weed, hemp, cannabis, pot, herb, grass, etc., is the most common illegal drug in the United States. Marijuana is also known to be a gateway drug because it can lead people to do more serious drugs. Marijuana is a dried plant often smoked like a cigarette or in a bong or pipe. A common argument today is why marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes. Although some will claim marijuana should not be legalized for medicinal purposes because it has harmful effects and is a gateway drug, I feel that it should be legalized. Marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes because it has many positive effects on diseases and health conditions. Marijuana should also be legalized for medicinal purposes because it is safer and less toxic than many other drugs that physicians are prescribing every day. For over 10,000 years, the marijuana plant has been used by humans. Marshall (2005) stated, â€Å"The first record of human consumption of marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes dates back to 2737 B.C., when the Chinese emperor Shen Neng recorded the use of cannabis to treat gout, malaria, beriberi, rheumatism and poor memory.† (p.136). In India, marijuana was being used for medicinal purposes by 1500 B.C., in Greece by 70 A.D., and by the early 1500’s in Europe. (Marshall, 2005, p.136). Over centuries, it continued to grow around the world as people used it for different reasons. Seppa (2010) reported that today medicinal marijuana is legally used to treat different medical conditions in fourteen states in the United States. This requires some paper work and a recommendation from a doctor stating the medicinal purpose of the marijuana. If the patient does not w... ...ription and OTC drugs. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://blog.marijuanamedicine.com/?p=50 Marshall, P. (2005, February 11). Marijuana laws. CQ Researcher, 15, 125-148. Retrieved July 30, 2010, from CQ Researcher Online. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2005021100. Seppa, N. (2010, June 19). Not just a high: Scientists test medicinal marijuana against MS, inflammation and cancer. Science News, 177 (13), p. 16(5). Retrieved July 30, 2010, from Academic OneFile via Gale. University of California - San Diego (2007, October 25). Smoked cannabis proven effective in treating neuropathic pain. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071024141745.htm Wilson, C. (2005). Miracle weed. New Scientist, 185, 38-41. Retrieved July 30, 2010, from OmniFile Full Text Select database.

“Hunters in the Snow” by Tobias Wolff Essay

In many walks of life, people believe that humanity is one with nature ranging from plants to animals, and when the outer shell dies, the spirits that were within them become abstract images of individual creatures. We have the same instinct as animal just a few adaptation and the ability to reason. In the short story â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† by Tobias Wolff, the use of symbolism and imagery to show contradistinction between humanity and the natural world. Wolff brings such a correlation between being human and also being a beast that it’s difficult to differentiate which one is who. Tobias is consistently showing the true nature of Tub, Kenny and Frank by relating them to hunting deer, but hunting the secrets that they concealed within themselves. Tobias makes claims to the sensitive nature of man by trepidation that fills a void in the three characters. â€Å"In Hunter’s in the snow,† Wolff is indirectly elucidating the symbolism between Tub, Kenny, an d Frank with their snowy environment, showing how tyrannical they have become and the symbolism of the deer. The first brush of snow is sweeping the landscape. The deep dark clouds and brisk winds stabbing Tub coat. The ground painted with the circles of footsteps as cars pass by like a shooting star. â€Å"Tub had been waiting for an hour in the falling snow.† Tobias Wolff (page) Tub, the first character, is the most soft-spoken of the trio. He was much heavier than Kenny and Frank but kinder at heart. In retrospect to Tub, the first line of the story gives evidence to his demeanor, showing an explicit representation of Tub’s personality; like the falling of the snow, he is very soft, and fluffy in appearance. Wolff also gives the illusion of the hunters as they try and hunt for deer, but the deer symbolizing the truth that’s within themselves. â€Å"He paced the sidewalk to keep warm and stuck his head out over the curb whenever he saw lights approaching.† (page) Wolff drew a connection with Tub as a deer pacing the snowy covered ground poking his head out like a deer in a sniper scoop. â€Å"The snow was light but the drifts were deep and hard to move through.† (page) Tub noticed the smooth, undisturbed snow to bring the deception of himself and the struggle  he goes through with his weight. Kenny helps create these deep drifts by targeting Tub, which hindered him from overcoming his low s elf-esteem, but Tub mentally has to push through. Wolff then makes the exact nature of the guilt inside of Tub transparent. Wolff shows how effortlessly Kenny and Frank were walking upon the snow while Tub strenuously tried to keep up but kept sinking in the soft snow. Tub surrendered to the snow, sits down and began to forego on the things that’s eating him inside. The snow is changing in size. The sky is getting darker by the minute. The wind is increasing in intensity. The footprint of deer disappears as their animal instinct begins to make way. Kenny is the leader of the pack and is the bitter cold winter himself with a frozen heart and a crystal core. As they hiked deeper into the woods, Kenny attitude progressively became as thick as the snowy landscape. Kenny first taunted an old dog, shot a post, then a tree and then the old dog dead center in the eye. Like a hurricane, peace lies in the center of the eye. â€Å"The clouds were low and heavy-looking and the wind blew in shrill gusts. There was a screen loose on the house, and it banged slowly and then quickly as the wind rose again.† Kenny then turned to Tub. â€Å"I hate you† (page) Tub with no hesitation shoots Kenny from the waist throwing him against the fence. The events of the snow picking up showed the growing tension in the story, the clouds low and heavy-looking described Tub and the position of the rifle. The banging of the screen door simulated the gunshot that hit Kenny in the stomach. The pellucid event had turned the tables around. The snow starts to breaks; the wind started to whisper, and the lifeless snow became white. Kenney the cold harden anarchy began to subdue slowly to his frozen soul as the freezing winds covered his body spilling not red but a bluish blood on the crimson ice. Wolff, prudently shows that the deer and Kenny, at the tavern, they stopped to warm up with the other group of deerstalkers. Kenny tied to a post, covered with the warmth of his blood waiting to be nailed to the wall like the brothers that are there. Tub and Frank pay little care to the severity of his situation. An iceberg, floating peacefully only showing the outer nature of his stability. The water is slowly breaking down the composites leaving way to the truth inside. Frank representing an iceberg, through all the shooting he stood still, as if in shock of what he sees. He gives the outward app earance of an ordinary guy tagging along to whomever more favored or had the  authority. Like an iceberg, his actual intention lies beneath the skin; flaky like the snow on their clothes. â€Å"The snowfall lightened, and the clouds began to roll back off the fields, but it was no warmer and after a time both Frank and Tub were bitten through and shaking.†(page) The tension between the friends died down like the wind, but the coldness was still prevalent because they were aloof to Kenny situation. Frank who has a wife and kids seem to have a good family but holds a dark secret. The story goes deep into the imagery of the snowy environment, and the deer only to reveal the deepest secret frank is in love with his fifteen-year-old babysitter. In this incredible piece that show claim to the true nature of the humanity and how uncaring and ruthless society can become. Within this short story, â€Å"Hunters in the Snow,† the relationship of the men corresponds with the snow and as tensions builds, so does the weather. Wolff creates this magical illusion tying us to a winter storm and how certain winter objects we can be related to. The symbol of a deer that re present life and death but also shows the hunters Tub, Kenny and Frank what’s is hunting them inside. Word Cited â€Å"Hunters in the Snow–Tobias Wolff – Classic Short S.† Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2014 .

The True Identity

Culture and identity go hand in hand. Everyone has their own identity, but where does that come from? The main contributor to someone’s identity is the culture they grew up in. Cultures vary in many different ways. Chinese is a very factual, to the point, respect your elders and family culture, while American culture is more carpe diem, freedom of speech, bigger is better mentality. So as you could imagine someone in China will grow up with a much different identity that someone in America. Someone’s true identity comes out when you’re placed in a situation that tests your culture’s view of right or wrong. Whether you go with the flow or choose to disobey is how you know one’s true identity. Take into account the story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues. † The narrator of the story, Sonny’s brother, thinks from the time Sonny’s a boy that the path Sonny has chosen is the wrong one. THis is because Sonny decides he wants to be a musician and gets into drugs, not the correct view of the culture deems correct. However, through his music Sonny shows his brother how he becomes happy and finally Sonny's brother understands why he went through what he did. They grew up in the same housing project and culture but why did they turn out so differently? Sonny went down the path that he felt would make him happy, the music. His brother chose to go along with society and join the army, get a career, and then start a family. I feel that Sonny has found his identity long before his brother has. He knows exactly what makes him happy and he goes after that in his own way, breaking free of society and becomes his own man, with his own identity. The narrator goes through the motions and while his brother maybe going down a separate path Sonny’s alive and has found himself. His true identity comes out when he’s on stage. In America we preach the pursuit of happiness meaning to go for what you want, allowing your true identity to shine. Whether you choose to take Sonny’s route or his brother’s, now that’s where you find your identity. In Jekyll’s case, he had split personalities. Hyde was his bad side and his pure side, which everyone came to know, wasn’t what Jekyll really wanted. He wanted to let Hyde out and to do so he had to take drugs, like Sonny did. Jekyll’s surface was a proper man but his true identity was what lied beneath him and what he allowed to surface when he conjured up his potion. Letting out this carnage side made Jekyll feel alive, with no remorse of what he was doing. The aliveness he felt was the disregard of his culture and their rules, and this is where he found himself happy. The disobeying Hyde was Jekyll’s true identity and how he really wanted to feel. Have you ever one day been faced with the opportunity to break cultures rules and done it? Did you feel exhilarated? Ones identity will never change. When they figure out what the true inner person is that, whether its a naughty person or a great person is what surfaces when the person is alone or set with a straining situation. The Jekyll side is what culture wanted to see, but the true identity of Jekyll was the disobeying side of Hyde. Identity now a days in America is being more seen as your image. Identity is everything that you are composed of. Looking at one person you can think you know them, but what do you know? Your Identity is you culture, morals, family, everything that has ever come to shape you to who you are today. What do you know at first glimpse of the hispanic standing in front of you? He was adopted by two Asians when he was just a baby and now is more assimilated into the asian traditions than any hispanic traditions. In â€Å"Trying to Find Chinatown,† this is almost the exact situation. This short story was wrote to open the eyes of the reader to see that someone doesn't have to be the person you label them as when first laid eyes on. Just because a person looks one way their identity has a much deeper meaning to them than image. Of course your identity for the most part will show up on the outer surface minutely, but who knows what caused you to walk down to the corner store to rob it, or why you jumped in front of that stranger on the bus to save his life jeopardizing your own. Your identity is what drives you to make those decisions. Your culture has a lot to do with that too. Some peoples true identity is to go with what culture deems right or wrong and others do things just in spite of their culture, but for the most part every ones identity reflects the culture they were raised in-in some form. Ones identity must be found by pushing themselves to the limit of what is known. Where they have to make their own decision based purely on the voice inside of them which tells them what to do. Your identity can mask itself to let the culture you live in accept you, but at some point if you repress that too much it could be detrimental to your health, just ask Dr. Jekyll about that one. Don’t ever judge a book by its cover because the man you see on the outside, sometimes maybe a very different person inside. People go on missions in search of their true identities, but i feel that the way to find your true identity is to look in the mirror and ask yourself, what do i base my choices off? Do i go with the flow of my culture or am i a stand alone type person. Only you can know the answer of your true identity.

Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis

Picture Frame Bill Cosby once said, â€Å"It’s not a lack of love, but a lack of trust that makes an unhappy marriage.† Would a man kill his wife if he didn’t trust her? Narrating his own tale of possessiveness, jealousy, and murder, the husband in Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† intentionally justifies his dead wife’s actions. The husband in Browning’s poem considered his most prized possession to be his wife. Like household objects the husband considered his wife to be no less then just a thing. In his opening statements the husband introduces his dead wife in a painting he had made to be placed on his mantle. The husband obviously felt that just like a chair or a table, he had every right to the painting and the person inside. He told her how to behave and even in the end not to smile at all. Another factor that made the husband tighten his hold on his wife was that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-year-old name† which he felt wasn’t considered the same to his wife like everyone else’s gift. The husband felt that his name wasn’t valued to her, as much as he did. Finally, he expressed his attitude toward his wife when he pointed out a bronze statue, which showed a sea god capturing a storm. Not only does it show’s he’s wealthy, but the fact that he consider s himself a god being able to tame anything, in this case his wife. His perception toward his wife, being merely just an object in his house like a statue or a painting, caused him to dominate his wife. When he felt that he couldn’t control her actions, he murdered her. There are many causes for the husband to be possessive. One cause was the fact that his wife received open advances from other men, and instead of ignoring them, which he felt she was supposed to, she openly acknowledged them. The wife was open to every man’s responses, which caused her husband to be more jealous. By her reactions to the men, the husband felt threatened by of his... Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis Picture Frame Bill Cosby once said, â€Å"It’s not a lack of love, but a lack of trust that makes an unhappy marriage.† Would a man kill his wife if he didn’t trust her? Narrating his own tale of possessiveness, jealousy, and murder, the husband in Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† intentionally justifies his dead wife’s actions. The husband in Browning’s poem considered his most prized possession to be his wife. Like household objects the husband considered his wife to be no less then just a thing. In his opening statements the husband introduces his dead wife in a painting he had made to be placed on his mantle. The husband obviously felt that just like a chair or a table, he had every right to the painting and the person inside. He told her how to behave and even in the end not to smile at all. Another factor that made the husband tighten his hold on his wife was that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-year-old name† which he felt wasn’t considered the same to his wife like everyone else’s gift. The husband felt that his name wasn’t valued to her, as much as he did. Finally, he expressed his attitude toward his wife when he pointed out a bronze statue, which showed a sea god capturing a storm. Not only does it show’s he’s wealthy, but the fact that he consider s himself a god being able to tame anything, in this case his wife. His perception toward his wife, being merely just an object in his house like a statue or a painting, caused him to dominate his wife. When he felt that he couldn’t control her actions, he murdered her. There are many causes for the husband to be possessive. One cause was the fact that his wife received open advances from other men, and instead of ignoring them, which he felt she was supposed to, she openly acknowledged them. The wife was open to every man’s responses, which caused her husband to be more jealous. By her reactions to the men, the husband felt threatened by of his...

Louisiana Serial Killer Ronald Dominique

Louisiana Serial Killer Ronald Dominique Ronald J. Dominique of Houma, LA has confessed to murdering 23 men over the course of nine years and dumping their bodies in sugarcane fields, ditches and small bayous in six southeast Louisiana parishes. His reason for killing? He did not want to return to jail after raping the men. The First Victims In 1997, authorities found 19-year-old David Levron Mitchells murdered body near Hahnville. The body of 20-year-old Gary Pierre was found in St. Charles Parish six months later. In July 1998, the body of 38-year-old Larry Ranson was found in St. Charles Parish. Over the next nine years, more bodies of men ranging in age from 19 to 40 would be found dumped in sugarcane fields, desolate bayous, and ditches in remote areas. Similarities in 23 of the murders lead investigators to suspect the men were victims of a serial killer. The Task Force A task force made up of nine South Louisiana parish sheriffs offices, the Louisiana State Police and the FBI were formed in March 2005, to investigate the murders. Investigators knew the 23 victims were mostly homeless men, many who led high-risk lifestyles, which included drug use and prostitution. The victims had been asphyxiated or strangled, some raped and several were barefooted. The Arrest After receiving a tip, authorities armed with forensic evidence, arrested Ronald Dominique, 42, and charged him with the murder and rape of 19-year-old Manuel Reed and 27-year-old Oliver Lebanks. Just days before his arrest, Dominique had moved from his sisters home into the Bunkhouse shelter in Houma, LA. Residents of the home described Dominique as odd, but no one suspected he was a killer.​ Dominique Confesses to 23 Murders Soon after his arrest, Dominique confessed to murdering 23 southeast Louisiana men. His tactics in capturing, sometimes raping then murdering the men was simple. He would lure homeless men with the promise of sex in exchange for money. Sometimes he would tell the men he wanted to pay them to have sex with his wife and then show a picture of an attractive woman. Dominique was not married. Dominique then led the men to his home, asked to tie them up, then raped and eventually murdered the men to avoid arrest. In his statement to the police, Dominique said the men who refused to be tied up would leave his home unharmed. Such was the case with one unnamed man who reported the incident to the task force, a tip that eventually led to Dominiques arrest. Who Is Ronald Dominique? Ronald Dominique spent much of his youth in the small bayou community of Thibodaux, LA. Thibodaux sits between New Orleans and Baton Rouge and is the type of community where everyone knows a little about each other. He attended Thibodaux High School where he was in the glee club and sang in the chorus. Classmates who remember Dominique say he was ridiculed for being homosexual during his teen years, but at the time he never admitted he was gay. As he got older, he seemed to live in two worlds. There was the Dominique who was helpful to his neighbors in the small trailer parks where he lived. Then there was the Dominique who cross-dressed and did bad impersonations of Patti LaBelle at the local gay club. Neither world embraced  him, and among the gay community, many remember him as someone who was not particularly well liked. Through most of his adulthood, Dominique struggled financially and would end up living with his mother or other relatives. In the weeks before his arrest, he was living with his sister in a single-wide trailer. He was suffering from declining health, having been hospitalized for a severe heart condition and forced to use a cane to walk. Outwardly, there was side to Dominique who enjoyed helping people. He joined the Lions Club just months before his arrest and spent Sunday afternoons calling out Bingo numbers to senior citizens. The membership director said he was well liked by everyone he had met through the Lions Club. Maybe Dominique had finally found a place he felt accepted. What sparked Dominique to move from the comfort of his sisters home to the dismal surroundings of a shelter for the homeless is uncertain. Some suspect the family grew uncomfortable by the 24-hour police surveillance and Dominique, knowing he was soon to be caught, moved away to avoid getting his family involved in his arrest. A Criminal History Dominiques past arrests include forcible rape, disturbing the peace and telephone harassment. Feb. 10, 2002 - Arrested in Terrebonne Parish after he allegedly slapped a woman during a Mardi Gras parade. According to the reports, Dominique accused a woman of hitting a baby stroller in a parking lot. The woman apologized, but Dominique continued to verbally assault her, and then slapped her across the face. He was arrested but entered a parish offenders program instead of standing trial. Reports show he met all his conditions in the program in October 2002.May 19, 2000 - He received a summons to appear in court on disturbing the peace charges. Since it was a misdemeanor, he was able to plead guilty and pay a fine to avoid appearing in court.Aug. 25, 1996 - Dominique was arrested on forcible rape charges and booked on a $100,000 bond. According to neighbors, a partially dressed young man escaped from the window of Dominiques home in Thibodaux, screaming that he had tried to kill him. When the case was brought to court, the victim could not be found to testify. In November 1996, the judge continued the case indefinitely. May 15, 1994 - Arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated and speeding.June 12, 1985 - Arrested and charged with telephone harassment. He pleaded guilty, paid a $74 fine and court costs. Three days after Dominiques arrest for killing Mitchell and Pierre, investigators said Dominique confessed to 21 other murders, giving details only the killer would know.

CSR strategy in the oil and gas industry Term Paper

CSR strategy in the oil and gas industry - Term Paper Example Presently, most of the oil drilling companies have set shop in hostile waters, deeper in the sea, which has resulted in numerous achievements over time in the industry. Petroleum is a crucial element to the economy with numerous applications across all industries, and it is, therefore, critical to maintain the supply to drive the global economy. Apart from driving the global economy, the industry provides employment opportunities to thousands of worker around the world. In the United States, the industry provides employment to about 9 million people, which accounts for 5% of the country’s total employment. In addition, oil and gas industry tops the list of revenue generation through taxation, and its contribution to the national economy was over $1 trillion in 2007, about 7.5% of the US gross domestic product (COGA, n.d.). Among the key players in the oil and gas industry in the US include Exxon Mobil Corporation, British Petroleum, Chevron Corporation, Total, and Royal Dutch Shell among others. This Corporation was formed in 1999 following a merger between Exxon and Mobil, to form the largest company in the world (Corporate Watch, n.d.). The merger was aimed at consolidating the economic position of both companies in the oil and gas industry, and enhances the company’s ability to remain an effective competitor in a highly volatile global economy. The Exxon Mobil Corporations net worth is over $264 billion, which makes it the largest in the oil and gas industry (BERA, 2010). Individual companies allied to the merger have been actively involved in heavy exploration and development around the world, with drilling expeditions in the Middle East, Gulf of Mexico, Asia and Africa. The company specializes in the extraction, manufacture and marketing of petroleum and other petroleum products. The corporation holds a sizeable deal of resources that aid in the refining and marketing of its products, with affiliated companies

Wave Overtopping on Coastal Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Wave Overtopping on Coastal Structures - Essay Example Traditionally, laboratory experiments and field observations have been used to study this turbulent oceanographic phenomenon and empirical formulae have been derived from these but severe limitations existed since parameters to which these derivations fitted were local (Shao, 2006). Thus, in recent time, universal derivations that can fit across a wide range of parametric requirements of structure geometry, water conditions and wave dynamics are considered essential and desirable. To this end, fluid dynamics proves a somewhat reliable model generator but traditional Eulerian approaches that discretise governing equations over a computational field divided into a grid system based on local parameters develop problems of numerical diffusion that transcends localised grid patterns and tend to encompass the entire grid so that the discretised development of the equation into an unified whole is seriously affected (Shao, 2006). More recently, to solve this diffusion effect for traditional dynamics, a particle method has been developed wherewith the discretised equation utlises individual particles in the flow as centres of development. The diffusion effect is effectively smoothed by a functional kernel that identifies and utilises the combined functions of the angular and linear momentums of each particle (Shao, 2006). The smoothing out of the diffusion effect generated at each particle location within the flow thus allows the fluid, in this case seawater in wave form, to be accounted for as an incompressible one (Shao, 2006). One such method that utilises this unique strategy is the moving particle semi-implicit method (MPS) applied somewhat successfully by Japanese scientists to wave flow patterns (Shao, 2006). The model that this paper will demonstrate is the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method as developed and tested by Shao, 2006. The paper shall now study a little of how this manner of computational strategy developed. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH): The smoothed particle hydrodynamic method was one of the earliest meshfree methods applying Langrangian description of motion. It was primarily proposed by Lucy (1977) and Gingold and Monaghan (1977) (source: Zhang and Batra, 2004) for problems in astrophysics in three-dimensional space (Zhang and Batra, 2004). In the conventional smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method, for a function f at a point x within a domain , the approximate value of is given as below: = (Eqn. 2.1, p. 137, Zhang and Batra, 2004) In this equation, is the kernel or smoothing function. The approximate value of of f depends upon two parameters - the kernel W and the dilation h, the last providing support for W. It is essential that the kernel W should have the following properties - I) = 0, for , II) , III) , here is the Dirac delta function, IV) , and V) =. (Zhang and Batra, 2004) This conventional SPH method is not even zero-order consistent at the boundaries (Zhang and Batra, 2004). This forced Liu et al, 1995a,b, to introduce a corrective function that is a polynomial of the spatial coordinates, making the method order consistent (Zhang and Batra, 2004). Chen et al, (1999a,b) and Zhang and Batra, 2004, also sought to improve the conventional SPH method consistency in some manner. It is notable that the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is a macroscopic model but it can be considered both as a continuum and particle method (Meakin et al, 2007). This is in particular context to the fact that the computational efficiency of purely particle methods is low in comparison to purely continuum ones (Meakin

Japanese Internment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Japanese Internment - Essay Example The article provides valuable perceptions and insights about what the Japanese went through during the internment(Flamiano,2000, pp.22). The United States entered into World War II after the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbour in 1941. According to Dolores the anti Japanese criteria, then gripped the home front. She states that president Franklin signed an executive order which authorized the war department to exclude any group of people from the military areas for the duration of the war. A hundred and ten thousand Japanese immigrants and Americans from the west coast were evacuated at that time. Their lives were disrupted since they had to stop living their normal lives and move to other areas. The Japanese Americans were falsely accused of sending signals to their countries. Dolores states that three priests were arrested and the reporters gave a false report. Dolores explains that the Japanese continued to follow their traditions while still in America. She quotes a California governor saying that it would be impossible to tell whether the Japanese are loyal or not. She states that they faced racism in America w hereby all Asian immigrants were considered aliens in the United States. Internment photography begun in the 1970s as scholarly analysis with a strong focus being on the Manzanar photographs of Asel Adams and Dorothea Lange. Many scholars, however, neglected the magazine photography in order to study the ones in museums or the government archives. Dolores states that Adam’s work that contained eight photographs shared a vision that the camp was tough to live in for people of Manzarin An example, as Dolores explains, was a photo of Collier that portrayed opportunities for people who were ready to work. In 1980 and 2004, Elena Tajima and Sylvia Danovitch noticed that the internment photographs excluded the harshness or inconvenience of the camp’s living conditions. An example is Colliers’s photo of two women with checkered curtains at their

Meaning of Life and Jeremy Fink Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Jeremy Fink Essay A) MEANING OF LIFE – BY JEREMY FINK. B) CHARACTERS: JEREMY FINK, LIZZY MULDOON, MRS. FINK, MR. MULDOON, MR. OSWALD, SAMANTHA AND RICK, JAMES AND MR. FINK. CONFLICT: THE CONFLICT IS ABOUT JEREMY TRYING TO FIND FOUR KEY’S THAT WOULD OPEN THE BOX WHICH HIS DAD LEFT IT FOR HIM FOR HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY PRESENT WHEN HE DIED AND JEREMY IS TO FIND THE KEY THAT WOULD FIT ALL FOUR SPOTS IN THE BOX BEFORE HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY. SETTING: HAPPENS IN MODERN DAYS IN NEW YORK CITY. BASIC SITUATION: JEREMY AND LIZZY TRY TO FIND THE KEY BEFORE JEREMY’S THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY. C) PLOT: JEREMY SEE’S THE POSTMAN WITH A BOX ADDRESSED TO HIS MOM. JEREMY TAKES THE BOX AND OPENS IT TO SEE A BOX. WHEN HIS MOM COMES AND SEES HIM WITH THE BOX HIS MOM TELLS HIM HOW THE BOX WAS HIS PRESENT HIS DAD LEFT HIM FOR HIS THIRTEEN BIRTHDAY AND HAD TO FIND ALL FOUR OF THE KEYS THAT WOULD OPEN IT BEFORE HIS BIRTHDAY COMES. LIZZY AND JEREMY GET IN TROUBLE AND THEY HAVE TO DO COMMUNITY SERVICE. THEN THEY MEET MR. OSWALD WHO TRIES TO HELP THEM. THEIR COMMUNITY SERVICE WAS TO DELIVER STAFF TWO NEW PEOPLE WHICH THEN THEY GET TO MEET NEW PEOPLE. D) CLIMAX: IS WHEN LIZZY AND JEREMY OPENED THE BOX AND DISCOVERED HIS FATHER’S MEANING OF LIFE. E) FALLING ACTION: IS WHEN JEREMY OPENS THE BOX AND FINDS IT FULL OF STONES. JEREMY THEN REMEMBERS HIS FATHER HAD COLLECTED EACH STONE AT EACH IMPORTANT EVENT OF HIS LIFE. F) RESOLUTION: IS WHEN JEREMY FIND OUT THAT MR. OSWALD, JEREMY’S MOM, THE MAILMAN, AND LARRY FROM LARRY’S LOCKS WERE ALL IN JEREMY’S DAD’S PLAN TO GIVE JEREMY THE BOX AT THE RIGHT TIME AND SO THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO LOOK FOR ALL FOUR OF THE KEYS, ALTHOUGH MR. OSWALD HAD THEM ALL ALONG. BY HAVING THIS PLAN HIS DAD KNEW THAT JEREMY WOULD MEET NEW PEOPLE AND GET TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT THINGS HE WOULD NEVER DO. G) POINT OF VIEW: FIRST PERSON BECAUSE THERE IS TOO MUCH FEELINGS AND EMOTION IN THE BOOK. H) PERSON VS PERSON- JEREMY AND LIZZY AS THEY TRY TO FIND THE KEYS TO THE BOX. PERSON VS SOCIETY- JEREMY AND THE SOCIETY MEETING NEW PEOPLE TO TRY TO FIND THE KEY TO THE FOUR HOLES. I) THEME: A LESSON THIS STORY TEACHES ABOUT LIFE IS TO NEVER GIVE UP, AND ALWAYS BE MOTIVATED TO DO SOMETHING YOU KNOW YOU REALLY WANT TO DO. J) SIMILE- AS HARD AS IT CAN BE WITH HOPE ON THE WAY. SIMILE- LIFE IS AS EVENTFUL AS A JOURNEY. METAPHOR- NO PAIN, NO GAIN.

The Kongo and the Pygmy Tribes in the Modern Day Zaire Essay -- Explor

The Kongo and the Pygmy Tribes in the Modern Day Zaire The study of tribes in the Congo is a very confusing matter. Linguistic, regional and political divisions are all very prevalent characteristics of these people. Two tribes who speak the same unique language may be separated by thousands of miles. The three major linguistic groups are the Bantu, Central Sudanic, and Ubangian with Bantu being the most prevalent. 2000 to 3000 years ago large numbers of Bantu speaking people slowly but steadily began to migrate from modern day Sudan to the Congo basin, or modern day Zaire (www.nbufront.org). The original inhabitants of this area were the Pygmies, the diminutive forest people. I am going to focus on the two most celebrated of the Congo civilizations: the Kongo Kingdom and the Pygmy tribe. The Kingdom of the Kongo began as a small Bantu-speaking chiefdom founded by Ntinu Wene near the modern day town of Boma in the fourteenth century (Ranger pg. 29). The kingdom expanded rapidly through expansion and conquest of other small chiefdoms. Kingship was a pil...

Energetic Costs Of Load Carrying Health And Social Care Essay

Many animate beings if non all will in some point in be transporting a burden which is an add-on to normal organic structure weight either through transporting one of their immature like most Primatess. Or necessitating to transport excess organic structure weight for migration which is seen in many birds which do so to last the long distances that they must go without feeding. The energetic costs on the animate beings is the sum of energy that is required to transport the excess burden around with them and how much of a disability it is on the animate being if any. E.g. how it affects the animate being ‘s velocity, the animate being ‘s ability to travel ( mental dexterity ) and how it affects the animate being ‘s behavior. This energetic cost may change with relevancy to weight or it may be influenced by the manner in which an animate being carries a weight e.g. in Primatess is it more energetically feasible to transport the immature on the dorsum or forepart of th e parent. Different species of animate beings have evolved different methods of transporting tonss which is influenced by their morphology, the manner in which they move and how the carnal interacts with its environment. Bumble Bees ( Bombus ) for illustration collect pollen on their legs in pollen baskets to convey back to the settlement [ 1 ] whilst other animate beings like emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri ) will transport nutrient in their tummies and regurgitate it for the immature. Load transporting may give an animate being an advantage whether it is more protection for the immature e.g. Marsupials have evolved a pouch to transport immature, or being able to transport resources back to the settlement which is seen in most species of emmets in which some species like the Leafcutter emmet ( Atta cephalotes ) can transport loads manner over their ain organic structure weight. Load transporting can hold a large affect on an animate being ‘s organic structure, some wi ll increase their organic structure weight dramatically during certain times like the silvertip bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) which must construct up its organic structure mass during the summer months in order to last hibernation during the winter. An animate being ‘s organic structure must be capable of digesting the excess weight without for good damaging the animate being ‘s organic structure. Permanent harm is sometimes caused in worlds ( Homo sapiens ) from inordinate burden transporting even when antecedently warned which can take to deductions subsequently in life. It seems that some animate beings like A cephalotes can transport tonss that are much heavier than themselves for long distances of clip without any foreseen harm to the carnal whilst others like H sapiens may bring down hurts on themselves making so. It is certain that some animate beings are much better at transporting tonss than others nevertheless the forfeits that they make for this ( if any ) may detriment the animate being in another facet of its abilities as an animate being can non be good at everything. A cephalotes may hold a strong organic structure design in footings of transporting tonss nevertheless they may be hapless swimmers as a consequence of their design for transporting tonss. Another animate being that has a strong design in being able to raise and tunnel through things is the Rhinoceros Beetle which is portion of the household Scarabaeida and are one of the largest species of beetles around making 6cm in length. [ 2 ] When a male encounters another male the two beetles will contend, it is done by the two beetles meshing their horns together and utilizing their strength to seek and raise their opposition up and throw them aside. For an animate being to raise a equal and throw them aside with such easiness it must hold a batch of strength in proportion to organic structure size. Rodger Kram wanted to see whether the metabolic rate of Rhinoceros Beetles in creased as the burden that the beetles carried increased [ 3 ] . The experiment consisted on the beetle walking in a respirometer chamber whilst on a treadmill carry weights up to 30 times is body mass. Kram found that the beetles could transport the tonss cheaply and that the energy ingestion had doubled merely when the beetle was transporting a burden that was equal to 10 times its organic structure mass [ 3 ] . R Kram argues that this may hold been down to the manner in which the beetle moves and its limb position during walking nevertheless Kram finds no grounds for this. This difficult to believe as the beetles legs and motion must hold undergone some natural choice force per unit area for burden carrying and the life manner of the beetle. Kram assumes that the beetles ‘ life manner of tunneling through decomposing stuff such as wood [ 4 ] and combating other males for couples may hold had generated natural choice for the ability to transport heavy tonss and exert strong forces. Should this be considered for all arthropods and that all are really good burden bearers, capable of transporting tonss past their ain organic structure weight. For illustration cockroaches are besides capable of transporting tonss equal to their ain organic structure mass and this lone increases their metabolic rate by 50 % . [ 5 ] However some orders like Hymenoptera would be unable to transport weights greater than themselves particularly in the air as they are so finely balanced in flight. Martin Burd found that leaf-cutting emmets do non maximise single energetic efficiency and that they try to rate-maximize and increase the sum of fragments that enter the settlement. [ 6 ] The emmets think like the settlement that they are and look at the overall settlement energetic efficiency and seek to maximise it which is non through taking the largest foliage fragments. Hermit pediculosis pubis ( Coenobita compressus ) are another arthropod and possibly hold to bear a greater burden than most animate beings as they carry their shells around with them. Hermit pediculosis pubis will travel from shell to blast as they get larger to better accommodate their size. Herreid II, C. F. and Full, R. J. [ 8 ] step the energy needed for anchorite pediculosis pubis to travel with and without shells at different speeds. The experiment showed that when the pediculosis pubis had no shell and were resting at that place was no significance difference between the 1s with shells. However when the pediculosis pubis were running pediculosis pubis with shells required significantly more energy than unshelled 1s. It was besides found that anchorite pediculosis pubiss are particularly good at transporting tonss that were four times the mass of the crab and that the volume of O used did non increase. No unequivocal reply could be made for this nevertheless it was noticed tha t the pediculosis pubis that carried big shells shifted their leg places to let them to on occasion drag the shell. This intern allowed the pediculosis pubis to bear the excess weight without utilizing inordinate sums of energy. Clyde, Herreid and Robert besides looked at how the sum of limbs a anchorite crab had affected the energy needed to travel with and without a shell by cut offing a certain figure of legs off several pediculosis pubiss. They found that the volume of O used increased when running nevertheless they were non satisfied with the consequences as instability may hold had affected the pediculosis pubis which would be corrected over clip. When animate beings carry a burden they may follow a different position to counterbalance for the excess weight to do it more energetically efficient, this could be in the form of the organic structure or in the leg motion and the manner in which they move with the weight. J. R. Grote [ 7 ] carried out and experiment looking at the consequence of motive power on spiny lobster. He classified a laden spiny lobster as being out of the H2O and an unloaded spiny lobster being in the H2O and so looked at how the place of the legs changed. When the spiny lobster were out of the H2O the legs moved into the organic structure this made the distance of each measure shorter leting the same force to be used nevertheless over a shorter distance counterbalancing for the excess weight. The spiny lobster are more at place in the H2O where the burden of their organic structures does non impact them nevertheless they are capable of accommodating to the state of affairs with alterations in its position to expeditiously transport themselves. The weight of a burden is non ever every bit of import as the type of burden that an carnal carries, one type of burden may be well more hard to transport than another or a burden may hold a stimulation on the bearer in some manner triping it to utilize more energy for illustration. [ 9 ] An experiment looking at the consequence of lading on honey bees Apis mellifera found that the when a bee would lade itself with either pollen or nectar that the bees flight metabolic rate would increase but merely at a little degree in comparing to the sum of burden that was carried. However when the bees were vibrating the bees that were scrounging for pollen were on mean 10 % more metabolically active than bees looking for nectar. The survey [ 9 ] could happen no biomechanical ground behind this and proposed that the forage bees are more actively stimulated by the pollen forage than the nectar forage bees. The survey [ 9 ] concluded that the bees find the aggregation of pollen a more rewarding re source and work harder to roll up it or that pollen foragers have a higher metabolic rates to roll up pollen in the colder forenoons when it is most likely done ( based on J. Fawells observations ) . [ 10 ] For animate beings to be able to migrate they must hold a beginning of nutrient for the journey whether this is pit Michigans along the manner or conveying their nutrient along with them on the journey as excess organic structure weight which can be used as energy. Or an animate being may take to make both and non turn down the chance of nutrient along its migratory path The Red Knot ( Calidris canutus ) is one bird that migrates long distances during different times of the twelvemonth. The Red Knot will construct up energy militias in organic structure mass before it migrates. How transporting big fuel tonss affects sustained flight Red Knots was investigated in a survey [ 11 ] which found that the metabolic power used increased in proportion to organic structure size. It besides found that the flight musculus efficiency increased besides to counterbalance for the weight. The Red Knott adjusts its musculus size to give maximal efficiency in relation to its weight [ 12 ] and helps th em to keep maneuverability and the velocity which they can take off important for avoiding marauders such as Peregrine Falcons. Depredation is a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours concern for most animate beings and all have their ways of get awaying being eaten for birds go uping every bit high as possible above the marauder and winging fast to derive the advantage or doing for screen where it can non be reached with easiness. Many birds have their ain person schemes nevertheless this is what the black raspberry [ 13 ] ( Sylvia atricapilla ) uses. A survey [ 13 ] looking at how body fat affects the black raspberry found that as the sum of weight increased the return off speed decreased being hampered by the excess weight gained. Besides the angle of speech pattern decreased with weight both holding a negative consequence on the birds ‘ public presentation. However the black raspberries could digest the excess weight up to around 30 % of the original organic structure mass without holding a excessively greater consequence on the public presentation. Merely when burden reached about 40 % was the affe ct great on the bird ‘s speed and angle of accent [ 13 ] . The survey suggest that migratory birds transporting big fat tonss will hold a hampered ability to get away marauders and with mention to [ 14 ] is the ground why passeriform bird birds with 50 % or more organic structure weight are merely found when they are fixing to do a big journeys in their migration, necessitating them to hold the excess fat. In order for person to understand the effects of lading on an animate being ‘s public presentation they need to look at the interior workings of the animate being so that a better apprehension of what is go oning to the animate being can be seen at different degrees. David J. Ellerby and Richard L. Marsh [ 15 ] decided to look into how blood flow, cardiac end product and O ingestion alteration in a guinea poultry ( Numida Meleagris ) leg musculuss and how the different types of musculus behave. The experiments consequences were non surprising and found that blood flow to the musculuss increased when the burden was bole loaded or distal limb loaded and the animate being was running. Resulting in a 15 % addition in metabolic power above the control which was unloaded. Cardiac end product and net O ingestion besides increased, with both tonss organ blood flow was besides step and was found to drop significantly when the animate being was loaded ( bole & A ; Limb ) and running. At the same clip there was a decrease blood flow to flight musculuss [ 15 ] . This supports most modern theories that blood is taken off from countries around the organic structure which are non in the greatest demand for it and are given to countries which are. Depending on where the burden was on the guinea poultry affected the blood flow, if the burden was positioned on their dorsums ( bole ) the musculuss that are used for stance had an increased blood flow and more so than the musculuss used in the swing stage of leg motion. If the burden was so moved to the distal Load ( lower leg ) the blood flow increased in both stance and swing musculuss nevertheless less stance musculuss had increased blood flow and more swing musculuss did. Looking at the finer inside informations of how load carrying effects an animate being ‘s allows us to better understand the internal alterations that an animate being makes when bearing a burden instead than merely looking at the external effects. Load bearing itself varies in so many ways from the carrying of immature to the excess weight needed to last migration for some animate beings it is a affair of endurance. The manner in which transporting a burden affects the energetic cost on an animate being and how it affects its organic structure or head is different for each species. To some animate beings load transporting can be a large hinderance ( e.g. birds ) which rely on being light weight for flight. An animate being ‘s environment and life style must be the selective force per unit area behind its ability to bear weight as seen in Rhinoceros Beetles. It is clear that some animate beings are better at bearing a burden than others like the Rhinoceros Beetle capable of transporting a weight up to 30 times its ain organic structure mass it is obvious that other species like H sapiens would be unable to bear such a weight. Is this down to what sort animate being it is e.g. are arthropods better than chordates at bearin g tonss? It is difficult to state by looking at merely a smattering of animate beings which animate beings are better as there will ever be exclusions of the groups. If animate beings are better than other animate beings what is it that makes them better is it the design, motion manner, transporting method, blood flow, stronger musculuss ECT. One thing that is evident is that there is no individual ground or account behind bearing a burden and the ground for the energetic costs of burden transporting are many and complex.